With the rapid development of my country's new energy sources, power energy storage technology has become an important strategic technology for the development of my country's power. However, existing energy storage batteries cannot fully meet the requirements of the development of power energy storage technology, especially the long life of batteries., low cost, and high rate requirements are particularly urgent. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen research on basic scientific issues in structural design and mechanism analysis of energy storage battery electrode materials in order to improve their electrochemical performance. To meet the performance requirements of the power energy storage system on the energy storage battery under different working conditions. This project belongs to the intersection of chemistry and materials, focusing on electrochemical applications. In order to improve the life, rate requirements and reduce energy storage costs of battery materials, through subversive modification of carbon coating technology and reasonable design and control of the material body structure, battery performance has been improved; At the same time, the research on sodium-ion battery electrode materials provides technical and theoretical support for the practical application of sodium-ion batteries, promotes the practical process of sodium-ion batteries, and further reduces energy storage costs. The specific research contents and results are as follows: 1. The intrinsic relationship between heteroatom doping and the conductive carbon layer was discovered, a technology was developed to improve the conductivity of the carbon coating, and the effect of the carbon coating on lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion battery electrode materials was clarified. Different influence mechanisms. Carbon coating is one of the commonly used methods for modifying electrode materials. Generally, the precursor of the carbon layer is an organic compound, and then the carbon layer is formed through a high temperature calcination-carbonization process. However, for most electrode materials, the synthesis temperature is always lower than 1000 ° C, but at this temperature, the carbon cannot be completely graphitized, so the conductivity of the carbon layer is low. This project improves the electronic conductivity and electrochemical activity of electrode materials through non-metallic element boron and nitrogen-doped carbon coating, which greatly improves the electrochemical performance. The study found that the mechanism of influence of non-metallic element doping on electrode materials of lithium ion and sodium ion batteries is completely different: (1) introducing boron into the carbon coating layer improves the electronic conductivity of the carbon coating layer for lithium ion battery electrode materials;(2) introducing nitrogen into the carbon coating layer. For sodium ion battery electrode materials, a large number of defects are generated in the carbon layer is a key factor. 2. The relationship between the microstructure of electrode materials and ion diffusion and stress release is revealed. By controlling the structure of the material, high-rate charge and discharge and long life cycles of the material are achieved. In this project, through the structural design of electrode materials such as manganese dioxide and lithium manganese oxide, it was found that orderly porous and hollow electrode structures can effectively avoid material agglomeration, stabilize and expand ion diffusion channels, and improve the dynamics of lithium deinsertion. Mechanics, at the same time effectively reduces the irreversible impact of volume changes of electrode materials during the charge and discharge process, thereby achieving rapid charge and discharge, and providing a reliable battery material choice for the instant grid connection of the power grid. 3. In order to improve the stability of the bulk structure of the electrode material, inert atoms were introduced into the material lattice for the first time, and it was found that inert inactive atoms greatly stabilized the material crystal structure: ion doping and structural design are common means to improve the performance of electrode materials. This project doped the cathode material of ternary lithium ion battery with magnesium to expand the interlayer spacing, stabilized the structure of the material, made it easier to embed and detach lithium ions, and significantly improved the rate performance and cycle stability of the material. This project lasted for ten years and published a total of 34 SCI papers, with a total of 2101 citations. Among them, the eight representative works selected, including Adv. Energy Mater.，Adv. Funct. Mater.，Chemistry of Materials，ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces.，Electrochim. Acta, Journal of Power Sources, et al., was cited 818 times by SCI, with a maximum of 163 times for a single article. Relevant results were reported by Materials views-China as a highlight of Energy storage work. Due to his contribution in this field, the first finisher was selected as an Outstanding Talent in the New Century by the Ministry of Education, the second finisher was funded by the National Natural Science Outstanding Young Scholars Fund and served as the director of China Electrochemistry Commission, and the fourth finisher received special government allowances from the State Council.