The safety of operating subway structures is an important part of ensuring "urban safety." The impact of dense group engineering disturbances around the subway on the tunnel structure is complex. Once the tunnel structure is deformed, seriously damaged or damaged, the consequences will be unimaginable. Based on the impact of "single construction activities" on tunnel structures, closely combined with the practice of major engineering around Shanghai Metro, and integrated various research methods, this topic conducted a special study on the possible "superimposed impact laws" of surrounding foundation pit excavation, precipitation, pile foundation and other group engineering activities on subway structures under different geological conditions, environmental boundary conditions and construction times. This topic is closely integrated with engineering practice, adopts a research model that combines industry, learning and research, and integrates innovation. The main results and innovations achieved are as follows: 1. In view of the difficulty of objectively reflecting the deformation mechanism of soft soil after disturbance, the elastoplastic constitutive model (EPM model) of soil based on pressure-pressure test (in-situ test) was first created, a method for determining disturbed soil parameters was proposed, and the model was applied in the ABAQUS finite element program. The calculated results agree well with the measured data, and the EPM model parameters of main soil layers obtained in Shanghai area can be used for engineering analysis. 2. For the first time, the applicable scope of the superimposed influence of group foundation pits and the deformation characteristics of the superimposed influence are clarified. It is concluded that with the increase of the width of deep foundation pits in soft soil areas, the influence range can increase to 3.~4 times the excavation depth, and formed relatively complete impact control measures for foundation pit engineering around the subway, guiding the construction and implementation of group foundation pit projects adjacent to the subway. 3. For homogeneous soil and Shanghai standard stratified soil, combined with the correction method of pile foundation settlement estimation by in-situ test, the analytical solution of pile foundation towing tunnel settlement is derived. The superposition effect of dense buildings is considered for the first time, and the practical algorithm of pile foundation towing tunnel settlement in different building groups is obtained. 4. For the first time, the Cambridge theory of lower load surface was introduced to establish a mathematical model of water-soil coupled land settlement. Then, through the superimposed impact analysis and system optimization of group foundation pit precipitation, comprehensive measures to control the impact of precipitation on subway settlement such as "zoning precipitation, first deep then shallow, first far then near, first inside and then outside" separated the ground settlement caused by foundation pit precipitation from the total settlement of foundation pit projects for the first time. The engineering application has achieved good results. 5. According to the scale, characteristics, relative spatial relationship with subway facilities, and the impact of the supervision project on the subway structure after an accident, the supervision project is divided into 4 levels. For different supervision levels, various subway protection and pre-control standards are proposed and relevant technical guidelines are compiled from the aspects of design and construction pre-control, project implementation, monitoring technical points during the process and tunnel deformation pre-control. The project research resulted in a total of 6 volumes of general reports and special research reports, and 6 patent applications, including 3 authorized patents, 2 software copyrights, and 13 papers published. It improved the "Pre-Control Standards for the Construction of Metro Surrounding Projects" and formed the "Technical Guide for the Design, Construction and Custody Management of Metro Surrounding Engineering Activities", which provides a comprehensive and systematic rule on the impact of group engineering activities around the subway on the subway. Over the past two years, the research results have been widely used and promoted in more than 20 projects around the subway. The design and construction quality control methods of subway surrounding projects formed are scientific and reasonable, providing technical support for the supervision of Shanghai's subway surrounding projects, with remarkable results. The results of the project provide a strong guarantee for ensuring the safe operation of urban rail transit and contribute to urban safety.