This project falls under the discipline of livestock parasitology. Schistosomiasis japonica is a zoonotic disease that causes severe harm. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, significant progress was made in controlling schistosomiasis in the country. However, due to difficulties in controlling sources of infection, the hard-to-eradicate intermediate host snails, and other natural and social factors, the decline in cases was not evident at the beginning of this century, with some areas even seeing an increase. Livestock are major sources of infection and key targets for control in schistosomiasis in China. Guided by national prevention needs and adhering to the principle of “preventing animal infections through human disease control and advancing prevention efforts,” this research focused on tackling key technical challenges in controlling livestock schistosomiasis, achieving the following results: 1. It revealed the epidemiological patterns of livestock schistosomiasis in China since the beginning of this century and identified the main reasons for the slow decline in cases. Based on this, comprehensive control strategies and technical measures were proposed, including breaking the transmission chain of livestock schistosomiasis, controlling livestock as sources of infection, and suppressing snail reproduction in susceptible areas through agricultural practices. Appropriate control models were developed for different epidemic regions, as well as new detection methods for lake-type epidemic areas. After pilot applications in selected regions, the infection rate of bovine schistosomiasis dropped from 0.6%–20.1% in 2003 to 0% in 2016, demonstrating significant success and overcoming the challenge of slowing disease spread. 2. Six diagnostic antigen molecules for schistosomiasis, including SjPGM, were identified, and multi-epitope recombinant diagnostic antigens were developed. The established ELISA diagnostic technique achieved a sensitivity of 95.61%–97.8% and specificity of 97.8%–100% for diagnosing infected cattle and sheep. Its cross-reaction rate with other parasitic worm diseases in cattle and sheep was reduced by 66.68%–85.72% compared to the SEA-ELISA method. The developed colloidal gold rapid diagnostic strip showed 100% sensitivity for bovine and ovine schistosomiasis, with specificities of 93.24% and 88.64%, respectively. The fecal miracidium incubation method for detecting livestock schistosomiasis was improved and refined, with a coverage rate of over 95% in epidemic areas. This overcame the limitations of previous serological tests with poor specificity and pathogenological tests with low sensitivity. A new praziquantel formulation with lower dosage and greater efficacy against schistosome larvae was developed. Through research on schistosome functional genomics and host-parasite interaction mechanisms, important molecular factors related to schistosome growth and development, such as SjVAMP2, were identified. The molecular basis for differences in schistosome infection between suitable hosts like yellow cattle and unsuitable hosts like water buffalo was elucidated, laying the foundation for identifying new drug targets and vaccine candidates for schistosomiasis. 3. An overall strategy for controlling livestock schistosomiasis in China was formulated, establishing a comprehensive control system. The only domestic and international epidemiological database for livestock schistosomiasis was created. A series of technical guidelines, standards, and protocols for comprehensive control were developed. After widespread application in 164 counties (cities, districts) and 1,918 townships (towns) across 7 epidemic provinces nationwide, the infection rate of bovine schistosomiasis in Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Jiangsu dropped from 0.13%–5.10% in 2003 to 0%–0.03% in 2016, representing reductions of 98.49%–100%. All areas met the transmission control standards, effectively curbing the spread of livestock schistosomiasis and contributing to the achievement of the long-term national plan (2004–2015) for schistosomiasis control. The area occupied by snails in project areas decreased by 1.9644 million mu. Additionally, losses caused by livestock schistosomiasis infections were reduced, increasing profits from agricultural schistosomiasis control projects and generating 32.849 billion yuan in additional income for farmers in epidemic areas. A total of 89 papers were published as a result of this project, including 31 indexed in SCI journals. Five monographs were published. Seven national invention patents, four utility model patents, and three software copyrights were authorized, along with three national and local standards. Technical training was provided to 25,000 people.