This project belongs to the field of materials science. High-performance energy storage materials and devices are urgent needs for the development of high-tech industries such as new energy and emerging electronic smart devices. Currently, carbon-based materials are still the most cost-effective energy storage materials, but they still have major technical bottlenecks of low energy density. Therefore, using multidisciplinary basic principles and methods to design high-performance carbon-based electrode materials, developing controllable synthesis and structural control methodologies for new carbon-based materials, and solving key scientific and technological problems in energy storage applications are the key to solving the above bottlenecks. The project carries out innovative research work around the structural design and performance of new carbon-based materials. The main scientific findings are as follows: (1) Apply the basic principles and methods of colloid and surface interface science, coordination chemistry and reaction kinetics to the design and synthesis of materials. Process, propose structural design and controllable synthesis methodology for new carbon-based energy storage materials. A new method for designing carbon-based material structures has been developed to overcome the key problems of wide pore distribution This discovery also successfully guided the development of nitrogen-doped microporous carbon-based supercapacitor electrode materials. (2) Apply the basic principles and methods of surface chemistry, polymer science and material structure to realize the control of the surface chemistry and surface properties of carbon materials, and develop new methods for surface functionalization of carbon materials. A nitrogen-rich double-chain trapezoidal molecular precursor with high thermal stability was designed, and an efficient and simple new method for synthesizing high-nitrogen doped carbon microspheres was developed to solve the problem that the content of heteroatoms in carbon materials is generally low due to the low content of heteroatoms and/and poor thermal stability of the precursor in traditional methods, thereby significantly improving the surface chemical properties of carbon materials, improving the transport performance of electrolyte ions in its channels, and at the same time greatly increasing the pseudocapacitance of electrode materials. In turn, the electrochemical properties of carbon materials are significantly improved. In addition, based on the coupling effect of polymer colloid induction, Schiff base chemistry and rigid structure construction, the organic combination of microporous carbon and in-situ nitrogen surface modification was achieved, and a design and synthesis method for nitrogen-functionalized microporous carbon nanoparticles was established. (3) Based on the basic principles of phase transition dynamics, new effects of certain transition metal oxides on low-temperature graphitization of carbon materials were discovered. Thermosetting resin-derived carbon is still difficult to graphitize or has a low degree of graphitization even after extremely high temperature treatment (3000℃). However, high temperature treatment will lead to a significant reduction in the specific surface area of the material, which is not conducive to its use as an electrode material. For the first time, it was discovered that certain transition metal oxides can significantly promote the graphitization degree of carbon materials at conventional carbonization temperatures, and can also introduce the pseudocapacitive effect of high electrochemical activity. On this basis, high-performance electrode materials such as MnO2 (NiO)/carbon microspheres were controllably synthesized, which gave carbon materials good electrical conductivity and extremely low internal resistance, greatly improving their electrochemical properties. The project has published 54 SCI papers (13 papers have been selected into the top 1% of ESI highly cited papers, and 3 papers have been selected into the top 1% of ESI; hot papers). The research results have been recognized by domestic and foreign colleagues and have been cited by 61 countries and regions. 554 research institutions and 328 publications. He cited 8 representative papers (all of whom were selected as ESI highly cited papers, and 1 paper was selected as ESI hot papers twice) 1013 times, SCI cited 795 times, single paper cited 252 times, SCI cited 197 times.