Chang'e-3 patrol device power supply subsystem
The lunar patrol power supply is light and efficient, overcoming the problem of sleeping and wake-up on a moonlit night and ensuring deep space exploration.
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Key innovations
The innovation of this project lies in that it proposes real-time energy planning and autonomous dormancy wake-up strategies for lunar mobile detectors for the first time, which solves the problem of survival on a moonlit night. High specific energy lithium-ion batteries and efficient thermal management technology that adapt to ultra-low temperatures and wide temperature ranges have been developed to overcome the challenges of ultra-low temperature power storage and wide temperature use.
Potential economic benefits
The project technology has been successfully applied to deep space missions such as Chang'e-5 and Mars exploration, significantly reducing the R & D and manufacturing costs of subsequent aerospace projects. Its technologies such as efficient and lightweight power supply and high specific energy batteries are in line with the future development direction of satellites and have the potential to be widely promoted and applied.
Potential climate benefits
The efficient and lightweight solar cells and high specific energy battery systems developed by this aerospace power supply technology reduce spacecraft launch fuel consumption and directly reduce carbon emissions.
Solution supplier
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Shanghai Space Power Research Institute
The Shanghai Space Power Research Institute is committed to the research and development of spacecraft power supplies, providing core power guarantee for China's space exploration.
Shanghai，China
Solution details
- The scientific and technological field to which the project belongs and the project background
This project belongs to the field of aerospace power supply technology. Aerospace power supplies mostly adopt a solar array and battery pack combined power supply system. During the light period, the photovoltaic effect of solar cells is used to directly convert solar energy into electrical energy to power the spacecraft and charge the battery pack. During the shadow period, the battery pack supplies power to the spacecraft. This project comes from the Chang'e-3 rover in the second phase of the lunar exploration project. The Chang'e-3 probe was established in February 2008. This project undertakes the tasks of energy generation, storage, transmission, control management, and sleep wake-up for the Chang'e-3 patrol device. The Chang'e-3 power supply subsystem is quite different from previous satellite developments:
- The energy balance analysis is complex: the patrol's lunar walking causes random uncertainty in the light received by the solar cell array. The solar cell array is blocked by the patrol itself and the large illumination angle of the sun's rays make the input of the power supply subsystem complex. The patrol avoids obstacles while walking and surveys cause the power output by the power supply subsystem to change randomly. This makes energy balance analysis difficult.
- The power subsystem should ensure that the patrol device sleeps reliably during the moonlit night and automatically wakes up during the moonlit day.
- The temperature difference on the lunar surface is large, and the temperature range of the solar array is-190 ℃
145℃, battery pack operating temperature-20℃55℃, storage temperature-50℃~70 ° C; traditional design and process cannot meet the harsh environmental requirements.
- Main content
This project has developed a lightweight and integrated power subsystem that is suitable for lunar work, designed extremely low-temperature, high specific energy lithium-ion battery packs and wide temperature range, high efficiency and efficient solar arrays, designed and successfully realized the sleep and wake-up function, solved the problems of adaptability and lightweight to harsh lunar environments such as patrol energy supply and moonlit survival. - Main technological innovation content
The innovations of this project are as follows:- A ground-based real-time energy application planning system adapted to lunar mobile detectors was proposed for the first time, which ensured the execution of lunar missions of the patrol;2) It was proposed and successfully realized for the first time in the world to adapt the patrol to lunar topography and complex lighting conditions. Autonomous recovery strategy realizes the functions of controlled ground hibernation and autonomous wake-up, and solves the problem of survival of the patrol on a moonlit night; 3) Propose an electrolyte system that adapts to the ultra-low temperature environment of the lunar surface, solving the problem of restoring power supply after ultra-low temperature storage on a moonlit night; overcome the pole sealing and fully sealed thin-walled aluminum alloy welding process used in a wide temperature range, and improve the lithium-ion storage battery Weight ratio energy; 4) Propose a high-efficiency lithium-ion battery pack management technology suitable for complex lunar conditions, solve the problem of efficient heat dissipation of low-thermal conductivity magnesium alloy casings, and realize the light weight and integration of the power control system; 5) Propose a three-junction gallium arsenide high-temperature soldering process, epitaxial process, and structural design to adapt to extreme lunar environments, realize stress-reducing and current-flow technology, solve the problem of lunar environment adaptability, and improve the efficiency of solar arrays.
- Intellectual property rights and levels such as papers and works
During the development process of this project, 18 patents were applied for, 12 authorizations were obtained, 4 papers were published, and 8 software copyrights were obtained. - Promotion and application and economic and social benefits
This project has been successfully applied to the Chang'e-3 patrol device and has experienced multiple monthly assessments. The project's efficient, lightweight, multifunctional integrated power supply control technology, high specific energy lithium-ion battery pack technology, and high efficiency and efficient solar array technology adapt to the development direction of future satellites or detectors; the joint power supply technology between the two devices is also suitable for joint power supply between aircraft assemblies has been used in Chang'e-5 and Mars exploration; The ground-based real-time energy application planning technology of the lunar mobile probe and the autonomous recovery technology of the long moonlit night are suitable for deep space exploration missions and have been applied on the Mars rover. This project is the first time my country has achieved lunar patrol survey and lunar dormancy wake-up missions, and has significant military, social and economic benefits.
Last updated
11:17:04, Nov 04, 2025
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