Control unit water quality target management focuses on water quality improvement and pollution load control. In the "river basin-control unit-pollution source" water environment management hierarchical system, the technical system for total pollutant capacity distribution based on the control unit and facing pollution sources is the scientific basis for my country to carry out total pollutant control, and provides technical support for promoting target total amount to total capacity and total control to water quality control. The control unit water quality target management technical system includes multi-element coupled control unit division technology, non-point source pollution load verification technology for different types of control units, risk control-based design hydrological condition selection and water quality target verification technology, control unit water environment problem diagnosis technology, control unit water environment problem calculation technology, control unit allowed pollution volume calculation and total pollution source allocation technology, as well as control unit water quality target management monitoring and implementation effect evaluation technology and other key technologies. Form a complete and complete technical system to provide technical support for improving the refined and scientific level of water pollution control in my country. This technical achievement has completed 4 technical specification suggestions, 2 software copyrights, 2 patents, and more than 40 articles have been published. Water quality target management technology has been demonstrated in 15 control units in the Liaohe River Basin, 38 control units in the Taihu River Basin, and 13 control units in the Ganjiang River Basin. Based on the accounting of pollution load and environmental capacity of the control units, pollution load distribution of control units has been completed, pollutant reduction optimization plans have been formulated, water environment management guidance suggestions for each control unit have been put forward, and the "Water Quality Target Management Guidance Manual" has been formed.