The invention relates to a composite material and a process with plant nutritional effect and structural strength. It consists of 40 - 60% of peat, 10 - 30% of curing agent, 10 - 30% of adsorbent, 5 - 10% of nutrient additive, and 0 - 1% of additive. After the peat is dehydrated and crushed, it is weighed according to the above weight percentages. Add adsorbent, nutrient additive, additive and curing agent into peat and mix well to prepare the composite material of the invention. Finally, it is either transported to the use site or prefabricated for inventory. The former is transported to the site to be pressed and formed, filled with seeds, and laid for use. The latter is pressed and formed at the production site, cured, filled with seeds, and stored in storage. It can also be made into coating slurry and directly coated on various surface layers to fill seeds for three-dimensional greening. The invention has simple craftsmanship and low cost, has plant nutritional effect, certain structural strength, and is compatible with building surfaces, and can be widely used in the transformation of degraded grasslands, woodland, deserts, saline-alkali lands, etc., as well as three-dimensional agriculture, soilless cultivation, artificial modeling greening, etc.