This project studies the design and performance optimization of nanocomposite energy storage materials. It belongs to the cutting-edge research of energy storage materials in low-dimensional inorganic non-metallic matrix composites and belongs to the field of energy and environmental technology. Due to nanoscale effects and special components and structures, nanocomposites show specificity in terms of physical and chemical properties. These characteristics will broaden their application in the fields of energy conservation and environmental protection. The first person to complete this project started basic research and application exploration related to the heat storage characteristics of low-dimensional materials earlier in China. In recent years, the project team has achieved fruitful results with various financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the New Century Outstanding Talent Plan of the Ministry of Education, the Oriental Scholars and Tracking Plan, the Basic Research Plan of the Shanghai City Science and Technology Commission, the Shanghai City Natural Science Foundation, etc., as well as cooperative enterprises. This project takes typical materials with significant application backgrounds in the fields of energy utilization, electrochemical energy storage and thermal management as the research objects. It conducts systematic and in-depth research on the formation mechanism, microstructure, influencing factors and performance optimization and control of nanostructure and its composite system supercapacitors for energy storage, electrocatalysis and heat transport. It discusses the physical and chemical properties of the surface and interface of the nanocomposite system, and reveals the energy storage mechanism and performance influencing factors of composite supercapacitors. The direct correlation between the electrochemical catalytic properties of the nanocomposite system and the main factors was clarified, and reasonable and effective new methods and technologies for the preparation of composite high-capacity electrode materials were established. Using chemical oxidation in-situ polymerization, perchlorate doped conductive polyaniline nanofibers were successfully prepared in graphene suspension. They have high specific capacitance and have attracted great attention (selected as a highly cited paper on ESI); in J. Power Sources reported on the preparation and performance optimization of graphene oxide/conductive polypyrrole nanowires composite high-capacity supercapacitor materials (selected in ESI's highly cited paper), and was published by Energy Environ. Sci. (IF:30.067) and other journals have repeatedly cited it; for the first time, choline is used to build a monolayer interface, and nano-Au particles are constructed through electrochemical deposition technology. The obtained nanocomposite has excellent electrocatalytic properties for environmental pollutant hydrazine, and the electron transfer number, material diffusion coefficient, actual sample detection, etc. in the electrocatalytic reaction were analyzed and studied (selected as a highly cited ESI paper); element-doped crystalline nano-alpha;-MnO2 material was optimized and designed, which allows Na+, K+ and other electrolyte ions to easily pass through, accelerating the migration and transport of ions in electrochemical reactions, and was developed by Chem. Cited in top journals such as Soc. Rev. (IF: 40.182) has attracted widespread attention. A total of 85 academic papers were published in this project, of which 75 were included in SCI/EI. He cited the SCI database 2400 times, including 8 representative papers SCI cited 606 times. The first person to complete the project has been selected as Elsevier's China Highly Cited Scholars List for five consecutive years since 2014; he has applied for 15 national invention patents and has been authorized for 11. The preparation technology of graphene/conductive polymer one-dimensional nanostructure composite materials developed in this project, the development of a new method for detecting environmental pollutants by using choline monolayer to build metal nanocatalysts, and the relationship between the established nanocomposite system structure and energy storage mechanism provides a theoretical basis for regulating the interface structure and electrochemical properties of electrode materials and efficient energy transfer, and is important for the development of high-performance chemical power supplies, electrocatalysts, Thermal management materials have very important theoretical guidance significance and practical application value, which will greatly promote the development of the energy utilization industry and further promote the expansion of nanotechnology application fields.