<colgroup></colgroup>This project belongs to the field of biology and medical technology. To realize the application of carbon nanomaterials in disease diagnosis and treatment, we must clarify the unique biological effects of nanomaterials, solve biosafety issues, and use unique nanoeffects to expand their application in disease diagnosis and treatment. With the support of the National Nanoscience and Technology Project and the National Fund for Distinguished Young Persons, this project has carried out research on the biological effects of carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and carbon dots, and used the nano effects of carbon nanomaterials to solve problems in diseases. Applied basic scientific issues in simultaneous detection of multiple markers and integration of diagnosis and treatment. The main findings are as follows: 1. Mechanism of biological effects of carbon nanomaterials: (1) It was found that single-walled carbon nanotubes can inhibit cell proliferation. The main mechanism is to induce apoptosis, reduce the expression of cell adhesion molecules, enter the interior of cells efficiently, interfere with cell functions, and it is dose-and time-dependent; carbon nanotubes induce intracellular reactive oxygen species content related to co-incubation time. (2) Graphene oxide was found to have dose-dependent toxicity to cells and animals, such as inducing apoptosis and pulmonary granuloma formation, and deposited in the lungs, liver and spleen. It was found that PVP-GO has significantly different immunotoxicities, and its immunotoxicities can be adjusted through surface modification. (3) It was found that carbon dots have good biocompatibility and unique photoelectric characteristics. 2. Surface functionalization of carbon nanomaterials and mechanisms for detection of multiple markers: (1) It was found that carbon nanotubes modified by different groups could quench the fluorescent signals of quantum dots and present regular characteristics; the technical principle and method for ultra-sensitive detection of nucleic acids and antigens based on self-assembly of carbon nanotubes and quantum dots utilize the volume-dependent fluorescent signals of different colors of quantum dots to achieve simultaneous detection of multiple components. (2) It was discovered that graphene oxide has a self-catalytic function. This function was used to synthesize gold nanoparticles in situ on the surface of an atomic monolayer to prepare a surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensor to enhance the detection signal of Raman analysis and achieve simultaneous detection of expired gas markers., effectively distinguish patients with early gastric cancer from patients with advanced gastric cancer and healthy people. (3) It was found that ultraviolet irradiation of graphene oxide can open its energy band and prepare graphene nanosieves, which exhibits semiconductor properties and photoluminescence phenomena. Field effect devices are prepared, which exhibits superior optoelectronic properties, and graphene quantum dots are obtained., with strong fluorescent characteristics. 3. The application mechanism of carbon nanomaterials in the integration of diagnosis and treatment: (1) It was found that carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and carbon dots were modified and coupled with siRNA, drugs, photosensitizers, etc., which can efficiently enter tumor cells. It is a kind of efficient gene and drug delivery carrier. (2) A carbon quantum dot C-Dots-Ce6 complex was prepared, and folate-modified graphene oxide combined with photosensitizer Ce6 was prepared, which can target tumor imaging and achieve photodynamic therapy. (3) Clarified the mechanism of the composite structure of silver graphene oxide nanoparticles to kill fungi. (4) Prove that graphene oxide loaded with carnosine is a good immune adjuvant, and propose its mechanism of action. Papers and intellectual property rights: Published more than 60 SCI papers, and representative 8 papers were cited by SCI 1074 times. As deputy editor-in-chief, he wrote 1 monograph "Nanotoxicology" and authorized 3 invention patents. The published papers were cited and commented positively by Nature Nanotechnology, Chem Review and other journals. Promotion and application prospects: Taking advantage of the unique effects of carbon nanomaterials, we discussed their applications in targeted delivery of tumor drugs, integrated diagnosis and treatment, and self-assembled ultra-sensitive detection, laying a theoretical foundation for clinical transformation.