The impact of Atmospheric Brown Cloud (ABC) on climate, environment, health and agriculture has attracted widespread attention from the international community. The essence of ABC is complex photochemical pollution, which behaves as a low-visibility (fog) haze event under certain atmospheric dynamic and thermal conditions. Shanghai is one of the 13 ABC hot cities in Asia. In recent years, it has been affected by regional economic development and climate change and has faced severe environmental and health pressures. Since 2007, the Shanghai City Meteorological Bureau has organized and implemented the key international cooperation project of the Municipal Science and Technology Commission "Development and Development of Chemical Weather Forecasting and Early Warning Operational System in Shanghai" and the public welfare industry special project "Research on Monitoring and Forecasting of Atmospheric Composition and High Pollution Emergency Warning Technology", The National Nature Fund's "Study on the Impact of Biological Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOCs) on Ozone in Megacities (Shanghai) in Summer" and the special project of Shanghai City Meteorological Bureau "Study on Shanghai Air Pollution Forecast Weather Conceptual Model" aim to introduce international advanced observation technology and numerical model, explore the formation mechanism, control factors and prediction technology of photochemical pollution in Shanghai cities, and establish a comprehensive chemical weather monitoring system and forecasting, early warning and emergency platform. Provide technical support for (fog) haze weather and air quality forecasts, and high pollution emergency warnings. The project research belongs to the field of atmospheric science and atmospheric environment. The main results are: (1) Based on the emission types of different functional areas in Shanghai and the upstream transmission channels, a network of atmospheric chemistry ground observation stations has been established, including 11 ground stations and 1 atmospheric chemistry laboratory. An atmospheric composition remote sensing application platform based on FY-3 and MODIS satellites has been established., comprehensively utilizing the three technologies of ground observation, laboratory analysis and remote sensing (ground-based and space-based) inversion to build a comprehensive three-dimensional monitoring system for chemical weather;(2) Implement the MIRAGE-SHANGHAI atmospheric chemistry field observation test and carry out aircraft observations of atmospheric composition in Shanghai and surrounding areas for the first time, revealing the formation mechanism of ground ozone controlled by VOCs in Shanghai and the main source of VOCs in Urban area (Solvent use and traffic emissions contribute 51% and 26% respectively), providing scientific basis for ozone pollution regulation;(3) Summarize five weather types of aerosol pollution in Shanghai, revealing the dynamics and thermodynamics of controlling the evolution of haze weather, and chemical factors, as well as the three-dimensional structural characteristics of urban haze weather; analyze the moisture absorption effect of aerosol and its impact on visibility, and establish a visibility prediction equation; Comprehensive analysis of atmospheric dynamic, thermal and chemical indicators has established a haze weather forecast and early warning standard suitable for Shanghai;(4) The first domestic dynamic and chemical coupled numerical prediction operational system has been established, and objective prediction and diagnosis products covering the dynamics, thermal and chemical properties of the atmospheric boundary layer have been developed, and a chemical weather numerical forecast website has been built;(5) Established an integrated and professional chemical weather forecast, early warning and emergency platform, which improved the forecast level of haze weather and air quality in Shanghai, and provided technical support for high pollution warning and NBC Leak Incident Response Service;(6) Analyze the risk of contaminated gases and particulate matter on childhood asthma, improve meteorological life index forecast products, and effectively improve the level of public meteorological services.
The project has a 4-year research cycle, published 13 papers (8 SCI or EI, 5 core papers), and obtained 1 invention patent, software copyright, and utility model patent each; trained 1 postdoctoral fellow, 4 master's degree and 4 senior engineer each, and established a scientific research team and test base for urban atmospheric environment. The project results have provided important technical support for Shanghai's (fog) haze weather and air quality forecast, high pollution warning, and NBC Leak Incident Response Service. They have played an important role in Shanghai City Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Donghua University and other units. Promote and apply it. It was highly praised by China Meteorological Administration and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), and was displayed and promoted by WMO as a demonstration of the GURME urban environmental research project.