The rendezvous and docking optical imaging sensor was developed by the Shanghai Institute of Aerospace Control Technology and Harbin Institute of Technology in 2012. This product is a key equipment for measuring the relative position and relative attitude between the tracking aircraft and the target aircraft during the rendezvous and docking mission. Its main function is to complete the relative position and attitude measurement of the final approach stage during the rendezvous and docking process, and is a key product to ensure the success of rendezvous and docking.
The technology of rendezvous and docking optical imaging sensor is difficult and innovative. It currently has a number of intellectual property rights. The overall technology is at the international advanced and domestic leading level. It has been applied in lunar exploration projects. Its successful development marks my country's space. A major breakthrough in close relative measurement technology is of great significance to improving the relative measurement technology of my country's space operations, and has significant social and economic benefits and promotion and application prospects. The key technologies that have been broken through in the development of the rendezvous and docking optical imaging sensor, the proposed high-precision measurement method for relative motion information based on image vision, software and hardware design methods, and ground test and verification systems can all better adapt to space security and on-orbit services. needs.
The main task of the optical imaging sensor during the rendezvous and docking process is to use the optical system to image the target marker on the target during the final approach and docking stage of the rendezvous and docking process between the tracker and the target, and transmit the imaging data to the information processor; The information processor then uses the two-dimensional imaging coordinates of the marker obtained from the image data to further calculate the pose state of the marker relative to the sensor, that is, obtains accurate measurement information such as the relative position and relative attitude between the tracker and the target; Finally, output to the tracker GNC system as its control input information. In the lunar spacecraft rendezvous and docking system, the quality and technical level of vision measurement algorithms such as target detection, identification and high-precision positioning play a key role in the performance of the overall system. This project has made a breakthrough in the research on dynamic measurement technology in the close range rendezvous and docking of spacecraft, and can accurately provide relative motion information such as relative position and relative attitude between the tracker and the target.
In terms of creativity and advancement of results, academically based on the development of the rendezvous and docking optical imaging sensor, many patents, papers, software works and other relevant intellectual property rights have been written; technically, the development of the rendezvous and docking optical imaging sensor The research and breakthrough of key technologies for light and miniaturization can meet the needs of satellite platforms in terms of size and weight; Research and breakthroughs in key technologies with high reliability in complex environments play an important role in improving the autonomous management and autonomous operation capabilities of spacecraft and improving the autonomy, reliability and target detection capabilities of space detectors; Limited adaptive modifications to the research results under development of this project can better meet the needs of relative position and attitude measurement sensors during rendezvous and docking processes in space security and on-orbit service missions. It is of great significance to promoting the development of technology in this field and laying the foundation for the development of higher-performance optical imaging sensors; This project research can promote the development of theories and technologies in various aspects such as optical, mechanical and electrical design technology, high-precision optical and mechanical calibration and calibration technology, electronic technology, software technology, and multidisciplinary optimization design technology.